COMPUTER NETWORKS
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INTRODUCTION
Data communication is a progression of sharing data and
shared resource between two or more connected nodes or computers. The shared
resources can consist of various peripherals like printer, scanner, hard disk,
CD/DVD drive, data files etc. this process of sharing can either be limited or
worldwide depending upon the requirements of the users.
BASIC TERMS OF DATA COMMUNICATION
BIT STREAM
Bit stream is defined as a grouping of data units in the
form of bits. It is simply described as a flow of bits. Bit streams are
generally represented in the form of 0s and 1s.
As depicted in the above figure, data unit of 1 byte or
8-bits is being sent from the sender to the receiver end. The value of bit
stream is 10101010.
BIT RATE
Bit rate is defined as the number of bits that can be
transmitted per unit of time. Let us say that a sender is sending 32 bits of
the data in one second, and then we can say that the bit rate of sender or
communication channel (medium through which bit stream is flowing) is 32
bits/second or 4 bytes/second.
FREQUENCY
Frequency is simply the rate of changes with time. Typically,
it is defined as the number of cycles completed per unit of time. If time unit
is considered in seconds, then frequency is referred as the number of cycles
completed per second, known as hertz. The term frequency plays an important
role while transferring the data in a network through some medium. The data to
be transferred can be either analog or digital data.
BANDWIDTH
Bandwidth
is defined as the range of frequencies that any medium can pass through. It is
one of the important features of any medium (air, cables, fiber etc). Let us
say that the range of frequencies, R(f) of any medium M is between 100 to 500. Then
the bandwidth of that medium M will be 400 (difference of 500 and 100).
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